Author: Legal Iuris

Adapting working hours for work-life balance Adapting working hours for work-life balance Contact our labour lawyers Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form.Name *Email *Phone *Tell us about your situation *How did you hear about Legal Iuris? * I found your website on Google Facebook Instagram Other GDPR Agreement * I consent to this website storing the information I have submitted so that they can reply to my enquiry. Send Do you have minor children, dependents or dependents who need your daily care? Adjusting working hours for family reconciliation is an individual right recognised by Spanish law that allows you to adjust your working hours without losing your job. This legal tool seeks to balance the professional and personal lives of workers. Thanks to recent reforms, such as Royal Decree-Law 6/2019, this right has been strengthened, offering more security and possibilities for those who need it. In this guide, we will explain everything you need to know: what the law says, who can apply for it, how to do it step by step, what formats you can propose and how to protect yourself legally against any refusal or retaliation. What is working hours adjustment for family reconciliation? Working hours adjustment is a legal measure that allows employees to modify their working hours to attend to family obligations. This right can translate into changes in schedule, distribution of working hours or even the type of work (such as remote work). Current legal framework The regulation governing this measure is Article 34.8 of the Workers’ Statute, amended by Royal Decree-Law 6/2019, which introduces the requirement for the company to negotiate in good faith and justify any refusal. This right: Does not necessarily imply a reduction in salary. Is personal and non-transferable. Can be exercised by both men and women. Is legally protected against reprisals at work. Legal basis: Article 34.8 of the Workers’ Statute This article establishes that all workers have the right to request adjustments to their working hours in order to balance family and work life. The company is obliged to negotiate for a maximum of 15 calendar days (or the period specified in the collective agreement) and to respond with justification. Key case law: The Supreme Court has reinforced the right to work-life balance by recognising its constitutional value linked to the right to family life and equality. Who can request working time adjustments? The law establishes several cases where this right is expressly recognised: Care of children under 12 years of age Parents may request a change in working hours or working arrangements in order to care for their minor children. It is not necessary to justify an exceptional situation: the age of the child is sufficient. Care for dependent or disabled family members The right to care for the following is also recognised: Children with disabilities. Spouse or civil partner. Relatives up to the second degree (parents, grandparents, grandchildren, siblings). Dependent persons living with you. Types of working hours adjustments available Employees can propose the format of adjustment that best suits their situation: Flexible hours and shift changes Changes to start or finish times, shift swaps or compacting working hours to free up afternoons or mornings. Remote working as a means of work-life balance This can be requested on a partial or full-time basis, especially in sectors compatible with remote working. Reduction of working hours and its compatibility The reduction (between 1/8 and 1/2) can be combined with adaptation. It has a proportional impact on salary but protects contributions during the first three years if it is for childcare. Can the adjustment to the working hours be reversed? Yes, the worker may request to return to their previous schedule at any time if: The agreed period has come to an end. The family circumstances that led to the request no longer exist. There are new personal or family needs that require a return to the normal working hours. In these cases, the company must assess the request and may only reject it for objective and justified reasons, providing written justification for its refusal. The reversal may also form part of an initial agreement if a limited period of validity is established for the adjustment. Legal protection against dismissal for work-life balance Requesting or taking advantage of working time adjustments cannot be grounds for dismissal. If dismissal occurs after exercising this right, it may be declared null and void by the courts, forcing the company to reinstate the worker and pay the wages they have not received. It is also possible to claim compensation if the employee suffers personal or financial damage as a result of the company’s refusal to grant the adjustment without valid justification. Compatibility with other work-life balance measures Working time adjustments are compatible with: Reduction of working hours for the care of children or relatives (Articles 37.6 and 37.7 of the Workers’ Statute). Paid leave for birth, adoption, death or serious illness. Leave of absence to care for family members. These measures may be applied successively or simultaneously, provided that the established legal requirements are met. Impact on salary and Social Security contributions If the adjustment to working hours does not include a reduction in working hours, it does not affect salary. In the event of a reduction, the salary is adjusted in proportion to the hours worked. For carers of children under 12 years of age, during the first 3 years of the reduction, full-time contributions are maintained for the purposes of retirement, unemployment and other benefits. This benefit is particularly important in order to avoid penalties in future retirement pensions or unemployment benefits. Frequently asked questions about working hours adjustments Can I request the adjustment even if there is no collective agreement regulating it? Yes. The right exists, even if the agreement does not mention it. In this case, Article 34.8 of the Workers’ Statute applies. Can I make the request verbally? This is not recommended. It should always be done in writing, clearly stating your family situation… Continue reading Adapting working hours for work-life balance

What happens if you are stopped at a breathalyzer checkpoint? Alcohol controls are a common measure in Spain to prevent traffic accidents, especially during the festive season (Christmas, local festivals…) or near leisure areas.   If, during your stay in Spain, you are subject to a surprise control, it is important that you are aware of your rights and obligations so that you do not incur further problems.    In this article we will try to explain in simple terms how to act, what to expect and how to protect your rights.   What is a breathalyzer test? A breathalyzer test is a test carried out by the police to determine whether you have consumed alcohol and whether the level ingested exceeds the legal limits. In Spain, there are two types of sanctions: the administrative sanction and the criminal sanction. If you exceed a certain threshold of alcohol in the air or in your blood, you will need the assistance of a lawyer.    These limits are:   In the case of administrative sanction: it is more minor and generally carries a fine penalty.    0.5 g/l in blood or 0.25 mg/l in exhaled air for general drivers. 0.3 g/l blood or 0.15 mg/l breath for novice drivers (with less than 2 years of experience) and professional drivers (taxi drivers, bus drivers, etc.). In case of criminal sanction: this is more serious, as if you exceed these thresholds you will be committing a road safety offence and will face legal proceedings for which you will need the assistance of a lawyer.    1.2 g/l in blood or 0.60 mg/l in exhaled air. Article 379 of the Spanish Penal Code, in section 2, provides that: 2. Anyone who drives a motor vehicle or moped under the influence of toxic drugs, narcotics, psychotropic substances or alcoholic beverages shall be punished with the same penalties. In any case, these penalties shall be imposed on anyone who drives with a breath alcohol level of over 0.60 milligrams per litre or with a blood alcohol level of over 1.2 grams per litre’.   When can you be breathalyzed? The police can carry out breathalyzer tests in the following situations:   Random checks – Part of accident prevention operations. Traffic accidents – If you are involved in an accident, the police are likely to check that you have not been drinking. Traffic offences – If you commit a traffic offence, you may be asked to submit to testing. Reasonable suspicion – If officers believe you show signs of drunkenness (smell of alcohol, erratic behavior, slurred speech, etc.). Your rights during a breathalyzer checkpoint Knowing your rights allows you to handle the situation properly and avoid further legal problems. These are the main rights you have.   Right to information Officers are obliged to explain the procedure, the reason for the check and the consequences of the results. If you have any doubts, you can ask for clarification before the test is carried out.   The right to have the test carried out correctly The breathalyzer test must be carried out with an approved and calibrated breathalyzer.    It should also be remembered that:   The initial test is carried out by blowing into a portable breathalyzer.   If you test positive, you have the right to a second, contrasting test.    The right to have the test carried out correctly The breathalyzer test must be carried out with an approved and calibrated breathalyzer.    It should also be remembered that:   The initial test is carried out by blowing into a portable breathalyzer.   If you test positive, you have the right to a second, contrasting test.    Right to a counter test  If the result exceeds the legal limit, you can request a counter-test in the form of a blood or urine test at a medical center.   This test can confirm or contradict the results.   Right to the assistance of a lawyer If the situation results in an arrest or criminal prosecution (e.g. for exceeding 0.60 mg/l in exhaled air, which is a road safety offence), you have the right not to make a statement and to be assisted by a lawyer. You should call your lawyer as soon as possible as there is likely to be a speedy trial a few days later, and it will be important that your lawyer consults the proceedings and checks that you have been read your rights, that the law has been complied with, that the breathalyzer complies with current legislation, and so on.   Right to receive a copy of the report You have the right to request a report with the results of the check and all documentation related to the proceedings.   Obligations during a breathalyzer test Although you have rights, you also have certain legal obligations.   Submit to the test – Refusing to take the test is considered a criminal offence, which may aggravate the situation. Cooperate with officers – An aggressive or defiant attitude could complicate the situation. Consequences of a positive breathalyzer test. If the test results exceed the legal limits, you could face the following penalties.   If it is an administrative penalty – levels above 0.25 mg/l (or 0.15 mg/l for novices and professionals), you will be fined up to 500 or 1000 euros and face a possible loss of 4 to 6 points on your licence depending on the level of alcohol.   If it is a criminal offence – if it exceeds 0.60 mg/l in exhaled air or 1.2 g/l in blood – you could be charged with a road safety offence, with penalties including fines, licence withdrawal and imprisonment.   Removal of the vehicle is likely in cases where it represents a risk to road safety and there is no other person who can drive, in which case your vehicle may be immobilised.   Frequently asked questions about breathalyzer checks How long does a breathalyzer check take? A breathalyzer check is usually quick, between 5 and 10 minutes, depending on the cooperation of the driver and the equipment available.   Can I refuse to take the test if I have not been… Continue reading What happens if you are stopped at a breathalyzer checkpoint? 

El padrón. what is it, how to “empadronarse”, benefits and penalties. “El padrón” is the administrative register of each city or municipality which contains the details of all registered citizens residing there, irrespective of their nationality. Where is it regulated? The register is regulated in the Law of Bases of the Local Regime 7/1985, of 2 April and in Royal Decree 1690/1986, of 11 July, which approves the Regulation of Population and Territorial Demarcation of Local Entities.   This register must be renewed every two years.   The regulation establishes the obligation for all persons living in Spain to register in the register of the municipality where they habitually reside. If a citizen resides in several municipalities during the year, he or she must be registered in the register of the municipality in which he or she resides the longest. The citizens registered in the census are called neighbours. The total number of residents constitutes the population of the municipality.   Its management and processing belongs to the town council of the place of residence and, according to the law, it is compulsory to be registered in the place where you live, and you may incur financial penalties if you fail to comply. How to register in the Padrón. This procedure is managed independently by each town hall, which is why the process changes depending on whether you are going to register in one municipality or another.   The local councils in Spain, in these cases, are entities that act autonomously under their own guidelines and management criteria, which is why some councils will only allow the process to be carried out in person, others may offer facilities to do it online and with some of them you will need to make an appointment before starting the process.   Our recommendation is that you consult with our team for a quick, simple and efficient way to complete the procedure, but if you want to do it yourself, we urge you to find out about the requirements for the procedure beforehand through your local council’s official channels (e.g. via the website, telephone or email).   As a general rule, however, you will need documents proving your identity, documents proving your address and its use, a registration application and any other documents required by the local council of your municipality. Is it legal to be “empadronado” in one place and live in another? On many occasions it is common that, for various reasons of work, temporary stay in a city, studies, or the simple laziness of starting a bureaucratic procedure with the town hall, we are registered in a different place to the one where we live.   This, although it may seem a common situation, living in a different place to the place where you are registered is illegal, as is the opposite situation of being registered in two different places.   What does the law say about this? Article 15 of the Ley de Bases del Régimen Local 7/1985, de 2 de abril states that ‘Any person living in Spain is obliged to register in the Padrón of the municipality in which he or she habitually resides. Anyone who lives in several municipalities must register only in the municipality where they live for the longest period of time per year’. In conclusion, one must only be registered in one place of residence, the habitual place of residence, and in the event that the person lives in several municipalities, the one in which he/she lives the longest during the year.   There are penalties for non-compliance with the legal requirement to register. Fines depend on the municipality, which will set penalties according to the number of inhabitants of the municipality and can be up to €150 in certain cases, although if it is proven that the applicant has used false information or has used this method for lucrative purposes, the fine could lead to penalties in some cases to criminal sanctions or considerably higher fines. What are the benefits of being empadronado? An empadronamiento accredits that you are a resident of a specific city and although it may not seem important, below we would like to highlight some situations that could occur during your stay in Spain and that could motivate you to modify your empadronamiento in case you are registered in a municipality but live in a different place: Problems with public services. Not being registered or being incorrectly registered can hinder future procedures related to civil registration, medical assistance, public education, social assistance, residence permits, visas, public aid, rental subsidies, renewal of ID cards, among others. The state and public bodies continue to notify, to a large extent, important communications or notifications in the dwelling where you are registered, for example: traffic fines, court summons, tax notifications, among others. Not being registered correctly can cause you problems with different administrations, as by not receiving such notifications you may be in breach of your legal obligations or be subject to fines and surcharges for not responding correctly to your notifications in due time and form. Inability to enjoy the advantages offered by your municipality of residence. Sometimes, if you are not registered in your place of residence, you may not be able to enjoy all the services that your municipality offers you in its public buildings and facilities such as libraries, nurseries, school canteens or public school offers, since you are listed as a resident in another place. The padrón is also a necessary document to regulate everything related to your stay in a certain place, important for private or work purposes, as well as residence and work permits, length of stay in a community or country or for those interested in acquiring Spanish residency by residence. Conclusion When a person changes their residence, registering in the new home is probably not one of their primary needs, but if the change of residence is permanent or long-term, it is the citizen’s obligation to register in the correct place to… Continue reading El padrón. What is it, how to “empadronarse”

Non-Residents Income Tax (IRNR) As the end of the year approaches, the question arises: am I obliged to pay IRNR in Spain? In this article we will explain what IRNR is, when, who must pay it and other essential details.  What is IRNR? IRNR (Impuesto sobre la Renta de No Residentes) is a tax payable by individuals or legal entities that generate income in Spain but are not tax residents in the country. This tax mainly covers income derived from property, rentals, economic activities or sales of real estate in Spanish territory. The application of IRNR is regulated by Royal Legislative Decree 5/2004 of 5 March.  Types of income from real estate property In the case of a non-resident individual taxpayer:   Imputed income from urban real estate, if the property is for its own use or is unoccupied. Income from rented property, if the property is rented. Capital gains, if the property is sold. If the taxpayer is a legal entity or non-resident entity:   Income from rented real estate, if the real estate is rented. Capital gain, in case of sale of the property. If the entity is resident in a tax haven (with effect from 11 July 2021, references made to tax havens are understood to be made to the definition of a non-cooperative jurisdiction), it may be subject to the Special Tax on Real Estate of Non-Resident Entities. Am I a tax resident? You are considered a tax resident if you spend more than 183 days during the calendar year in Spain or Spain is the main country of your economic activity, meaning that most of your income comes from or is related to activities in the country.  If you do not meet these requirements, then you will be considered non-resident and will be subject to IRNR if you have income in Spain.  When do I have to pay personal income tax? IRNR is paid annually, the deadline is 31 December.  How much do I have to pay? The Personal Income Tax (IRNR) return may vary depending on the type of income:  Form 210: For most income, such as rents or interest. Form 211: In the case of the sale of real estate, this is the form to be used by the purchaser to make the withholding. Form 213: For the payment of taxes on the ownership of real estate in the case of non-resident legal entities. If you have any doubts about which form to choose or you need help to pay your IRNR, do not hesitate to contact us, our tax specialists can answer any questions you may have.  What happens if you do not pay the IRNR? Failure to pay IRNR can lead to penalties and late payment interest that will increase the tax debt. In addition, if you own a property in Spain and have not complied with your tax obligations, you could face legal problems that may affect the registration and future sale of the property. 

Differences between a deposit contract and a sales contract When it is time to sign the contract, you may hear the terms ‘contrato de arras’ (deposit contract) and ‘compraventa’ (sale and purchase contract). Some people think that they are equivalent to each other. This confusion creates many problems at the time of the sale. To avoid these situations in the future, in this article we will explain the difference between a deposit contract and a purchase contract.  What are they for? Both contracts are related to the subject of purchase and sale. Although the deposit contract is not compulsory like the purchase contract, the deposit contract can facilitate the purchase process and make it much more comfortable.  Deposit contract The main function of this type of contract is to establish an agreement between the seller and the buyer. The potential buyer agrees to buy the property within a certain period and the seller agrees to sell his property to this client within the agreed period and under the specified conditions. Normally, the client gives an amount of money established in the contract, as a guarantee of the purchase.  Can the deposit contract be waived? Although the seller agrees to sell the house and the client agrees to buy it, both parties can withdraw from the contract. Normally, a monetary penalty set out in the contract is charged in advance.  Sales contract The contract of sale is a consensual legal act, a binding document in the process of buying and selling. This contract establishes the transfer of ownership. Both parties (they can be physical or legal) have obligations. The buyer is obliged to pay a previously negotiated price, and the seller is obliged to deliver an object specified in the contract.  Main differences Important to remember There are different types of “arras” and they will be part of terms and conditions of the purchase contract.  Also, there are another type of contracts, such as reservation agreement, option to buy purchase contract and more.  Conclusion Regardless of whether you need an earnest money contract or a purchase contract, professionals can help you with the problems that arise during the purchase of real estate, do not hesitate to contact our specialists.   Español English Nederlands

Buying a property in Spain through a company Is it possible to acquire a property in Spain in the name of a company? The quick answer is yes, but it is important to consider several factors first to avoid any inconvenience or legal problems. How to buy a property through a company? The process of buying a property in Spain through a company is comparable to that of a private individual, although there are some differences in documentation, tax obligations and deduction of expenses, among other aspects. For example, in the case of a company, it may be necessary to submit additional documents, such as articles of association, annual accounts or proof of solvency. In contrast, a private individual is not usually required to provide this level of accreditation in most cases. Furthermore, the accounting treatment of the property and the tax liabilities also vary between the two. Buy a property in Spain through a company being Non-Resident Like Spanish residents, a non-resident can also acquire property in Spain through an existing foreign company. This company, once registered in Spain, can operate as an investment vehicle in Spain without the need to create a new Spanish company.   It is important in these cases to have legal representation in Spain due to lack of knowledge of the regulations and to ensure that the procedure is carried out legally and safely, both for the company acquiring the property and for the transferee. Requirements to avoid being taxed by the wealth tax When a property is acquired in the name of a company, it creates a legal personality included in the assets of the company and therefore its value is considered to be part of the shareholders’ assets, either directly or indirectly. If the aim is to avoid taxation on the property, it is necessary to comply with the requirements for exemption of shares from Wealth Tax. These requirements are as follows: The company must carry out an economic activity and not be principally engaged in the management of movable or immovable property (immovable property not linked to an economic activity may not be considered as part of the company). The shareholders must have at least a 5% individual shareholding or a 20% joint shareholding with close relatives (spouse, ascendants, descendants or collaterals of the second degree). The taxpayer must exercise managerial functions, evidenced by a contract. The salary for management functions must represent more than 50% of the taxpayer’s income from work and economic activities. If the above requirements are not met, the tax office will consider that the property is not linked to the economic activity of the company, and therefore the book value of the property (purchase price) will be included in the equity of the partners according to their shareholding in the company. Possible tax penalties for buying the property. Naturally, the Tax Agency is attentive to the practice of purchasing homes in the name of companies to avoid property tax. If the property is used by the company’s partners as a residence without a rental contract to support it, the Tax Agency will treat it as a hidden lease, forcing the company to charge rent to the partners and subsequently pay the corresponding penalty. Tax benefits for the company owning the property When a company acquires a property intended to be the residence of one of its partners and a rental contract is formalised, significant tax benefits arise. The company is able to deduct many of the costs associated with the purchase of the property, as well as those arising from the rental, from its corporation tax. This includes expenses such as maintenance, repairs and related taxes.   In contrast, if the partner were to purchase the property directly as an individual, he or she would not have access to these deductions, which limits the tax advantages available. Tax obligations The main tax obligations of a company owning real estate include: Reflecting the property in the company’s balance sheets. Paying IBI (Real Estate Tax) on an annual basis. Declaring income derived from rentals or the sale of the property. If the property is new, pay the corresponding VAT (10% in most cases). If the property is second-hand, pay the Transfer Tax (Impuesto de Transmisiones Patrimoniales, ITP), the percentage of which varies according to the Autonomous Community. Pay the Stamp Duty (AJD), which varies between 0.5% and 1.5% of the value of the property. Also depending on the autonomous community. Buy the property with real estate tax advisors. Although it is legal to buy a property through a company, the Tax Agency could consider the transaction as an attempt to avoid tax, resulting in an investigation of the company and penalties. To avoid problems, contact our specialised real estate tax advisors.

Discover the Non-Lucrative Visa in Spain If you are looking for a way to reside in Spain without the need to make a large financial investment or to work, the non-lucrative visa is your best option. What is the Non-Lucrative Visa in Spain? The non-lucrative visa is a residence permit designed for non-EU citizens who wish to live in Spain without engaging in economic or professional activities. It is ideal for those who have sufficient financial means to support themselves and their family members. 5 key advantages of the non-lucrative visa in Spain 1. No minimum investment: Unlike other visas, such as the Golden Visa, there is no mandatory investment required to apply for the visa. 2. Access to the Schengen area: With this visa, you can travel freely throughout the 26 countries of the Schengen area, allowing you to explore much of Europe without the need for additional visas. 3. Family option: You can include your spouse and dependent children in the application, making this visa an excellent option for families looking for a new stage in Spain. 4. Pathway to permanent residence: After holding this visa for five years, you have the possibility to apply for permanent residence in Spain. 5. Future work flexibility: Although it does not initially allow you to work, there is the option to switch to a work permit in the future if your plans change and you decide to seek employment or start a business in Spain. Documents required for a non-lucrative visa in Spain To apply for this visa, you will need to gather a number of documents. It is crucial that they are all up to date and, in many cases, apostilled and translated into Spanish. The main documents include: 1. Valid passport: Must be valid for at least one year and have at least two blank pages. 2. Visa application form: Completely filled in and signed. 3. Recent passport photos: Must meet required standards. 4. Proof of financial means: This is a crucial point. You will need to demonstrate that you have sufficient financial resources to support yourself in Spain without working. This can include bank statements, investment declarations, proof of pensions, etc. 5. Marriage certificate: If your spouse accompanies you, you will need to present an apostilled and translated marriage certificate. 6. Medical certificate: This must be issued by a recognised doctor, stating that you do not suffer from diseases that could pose a risk to public health. 7. Clean criminal record: You will need a criminal record certificate from the countries where you have resided in the last 5 years. 8. Medical insurance: You must have private health insurance to cover your stay in Spain. 9. Proof of accommodation: Although not always necessary, it may be useful to show where you plan to live in Spain. Who can apply for a non-lucrative visa in Spain? This visa is designed for different profiles of people seeking to live in Spain and who obtain income from other countries, either through business profits, investments or pensions. It is ideal for retirees who wish to enjoy their retirement in a country with a relatively low cost of living and a very good quality of life, as well as for people with a passive income who can afford to live without working. It is important to note that, although some remote workers have used this visa in the past, the Spanish government has recently introduced the Digital Nomad Visa, which is more suitable for those who plan to work remotely while living in Spain. If this is your case, we recommend exploring this option. Step-by-step process to apply for your Non-Lucrative Visa 1. Prepare your documents: Gather all the necessary documents. It is highly recommended to have the help of an immigration lawyer to make sure everything is in order.   2. Pay the visa fee: Fees may vary depending on your nationality and the consulate where you apply.   3. Submit your application: Your lawyer will help you submit your application at the appropriate Spanish consulate or immigration office.   4. Attend the visa interview: You may be called for an interview. Be prepared to explain your reasons for moving to Spain and demonstrate your financial solvency.   5. Wait for the decision: Processing time can vary, but is usually around 3 months.   6. Receive your visa and TIE: Once approved, you will receive your visa. Once in Spain, you will need to apply for your Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero (TIE). Financial requirements for the Non-Lucrative Visa in Spain. The financial requirements established for the non-lucrative visa are in accordance with the IPREM and are updated every year. For 2024, the amounts established are: Main applicant: €2,400 per month (€28,800 per year). For each additional family member: €600 per month (€7,200 per year).   It is important to note that these amounts are indicative and may be subject to change. In addition, the Spanish authorities will assess your financial situation as a whole, not just these minimum amounts. Renewal and initial residence with the Non-Lucrative Visa. As with any other visa, you need to renew your residency before it expires. You will need to be aware of the time limits so that you do not run into legal problems. Initial residence: The visa grants you initial residence for 1 year. First renewal: Upon renewal, you get 2 additional years of residence. Second renewal: 2 more years. Permanent residence: After 5 years of continuous residence, you can apply for permanent residence. It is crucial that you start the renewal process at least 60 days before your current visa expires to avoid complications. Specialised immigration lawyers for Non-Lucrative Visa. Navigating the non-lucrative visa application process can be complex, especially if you are not familiar with the Spanish legal system. Having an immigration lawyer can make the difference between a successful application and a refusal. Our team of experienced immigration lawyers is here to help you every step of the way: Initial… Continue reading Discover the Non-Lucrative Visa in Spain

Licence of First Occupation: A Complete and Updated Guide Discover everything you need to know about the licence of first occupation in Spain, its importance, how to obtain it, and the necessary documents for its concession. Following you will find an essential guide for property owners and buyers. What is the Licence of First Occupation? The license of first occupation is a permit granted by the Public Administration that certifies a property meets all legal requirements from an urban planning perspective. Issued by the local Town Hall where the property is located, it ensures that the construction or refurbishment complies with current town planning regulations. How to obtain the Licence of First Occupation? Licence application The application for the license of first occupation can be submitted by the construction company, the person responsible for the renovation, the architect, the property owner, or a legally authorized representative. Once the provided documentation is reviewed and verified that all legal requirements for habitation are met, the local council will approve the application. If there are deficiencies, they must be corrected, and the application resubmitted. Documents Required for the Licence of First Occupation In order to obtain the licence of first occupation, it is necessary to present several documents related to the property and the applicant: Applicant´s ID (DNI or NIE) Copy of the property title deed Application form Construction completion certificate Proof of payment of the fee associated with the procedure Additional reports that may be required on a case-by-case basis However, during the home inspection, additional documents may be requested, such as the energy efficiency certificate, waste certificates, or water and electricity supply documents, among others. The Architect and the Responsible Declaration The architect plays a crucial role in this process, being responsible for the project design and ensuring compliance with all planning and building regulations.Once the construction is finished, the architect must issue a completion certificate, known as “Declaración Responsable” (or Responsible Declaration, in English), confirming the construction adheres to the approved project and legal urban requirements. This certificate is essential for applying for the licence of first occupation.Upon presenting the Responsible Declaration to the Town Hall, the property is authorized for occupation and use, allowing for the necessary utility connections to be contracted.In most cases, the architect will assist in managing and submitting the application for the licence of first occupation to the relevant authorities, simplifying the process for the owners. I want to talk with a lawyer When do you have to present the licence of first occupation? In the Valencian Community, Decree 12/2021 mandates the Responsible Declaration of first occupation in the following cases: First occupation of residential buildings and their installations. First occupation of dwellings undergoing extension, alteration, refurbishment or renovation. First occupation of buildings and installations changing their use to residential, such as commercial spaces. Why is it important to have the licence of first occupation? Obtaining a licence of first occupation is essential for homeowners, as it certifies that the property complies with the legal regulations for residential use.Its importance is undeniable as it constitutes the essential document for contracting basic utilities such as water, electricity and gas, which are necessary to live in the dwelling. Without a valid licence, these utilities cannot be accessed, and the property may be deemed uninhabitable, affecting its sale or rental.With that said, the absence of this licence may justify the annulment of a purchase contract. Consequences of not having the Licence of First Occupation Living in a property without a licence of first occupation can lead to significant fines and penalties due to health risks. Additionally, the property is considered legally uninhabitable, preventing the contracting of utility services, as well as its rental or sale as a dwelling. How to check if your property has a licence of first occupation To verify if a property has the licence of first occupation, head to the corresponding Town Hall where the dwelling is located and submit an application form along with the proof of payment, a photocopy of the owner’s ID and a copy of the property title deed. When does the Licence of First Occupation expire? This document is valid for 15 years. If you do not have the licence or it has expired, you will need to apply for a new licence or the corresponding renewal. Frequently asked questions What is the first occupation licence? The license of first occupation is a permit granted by the Public Administration that certifies a property meets all legal requirements from an urban planning perspective. Who can apply for the licence of first occupation? The application can be made by the construction company, the person in charge of the renovation, the Architect, the property owner, or a legal representative. What documents are required to obtain the licence of first occupation? You need the DNI or NIE of the applicant, a copy of the property title deed, the application form, certificate of completion of the works, proof of payment of the associated fee, and possible additional reports requested by the Town Hall. When is the licence of first occupation compulsory in the Valencian Community? It is compulsory for newly constructed buildings, refurbished or extended dwellings, and buildings changing their use to housing. Why is it important to have the licence of first occupation? It certifies that the property complies with legal regulations and is required to contract basic utility services such as water, electricity and gas. What happens if I do not have the licence of first occupation? Without this licence, the property is considered uninhabitable, preventing the contracting of supplies, and its sale or rental as a dwelling. The licence of first occupation is a crucial document to ensure a property complies with legal regulations and is fit for habitation. It is essential for contracting basic services and for any legal transactions related to the property.For any queries, as it is an essential aspect regarding the dwelling, please contact our Real Estate expert Lawyers and Architects in this matter for an… Continue reading Licence of First Occupation in Spain: A Complete and Updated Guide

Housing Law in Spain: Important developments and key aspects. The new Housing Law in Spain, officially Law 12/2023, of 24 May, for the Right to Housing, was finally approved by the Senate on 17 May 2023, thus being the most recent publication in the regulations regarding real estate rentals. Its main objective is to regularise the rental situation in the tensest areas of the market and to help all those who have difficulties in accessing decent housing to live in. What is the intention of the Spanish Housing Law? This law is responsible for regulating rental prices in areas recognised as stressed, i.e. those where the average rental price is well above what households can afford to pay for it. At the same time, it seeks to promote the creation and maintenance of public housing with the intention of ensuring the supply of available rents at reasonable prices, as well as to prevent situations of tension from arising in this market. What is a stressed area? A zone is declared stressed when one of the following circumstances occurs: 1. Average rent or mortgage burden plus basic expenses is more than 30% of the average household income in the area.2. The rental or purchase price has experienced a minimum growth of 3 points above the CPI in the corresponding autonomous community during the five years prior to the declaration of the area as a stressed area.The Autonomous Communities are responsible for classifying the areas as stressed areas, and may maintain this status for a period of 3 years, which may be extended depending on the circumstances. What is a large landlord according to the Housing Law? “Gran tenedor” or “large owner” means any natural or legal person owning more than 10 properties or areas of up to 1,500 m2 suitable for residential use, in the case of non-stressed areas.In case of stressed areas, the consideration changes. A large owner is the one who owns 5 or more urban properties for residential use located in the same area declared as stressed.Garages and storage rooms are excluded in both cases. Limit on the annual updating of rental contracts, the CPI (consumer price index) is eliminated. Rent updates will always be limited to the index stablished in this Law; the CPI will no longer be taken as a reference to avoid disproportionate increases. This way, a maximum of 3% is set for 2024, and from 2025 onwards a new index will be created that can be updated annually, which has yet to be determined. I want to talk with a lawyer Rent price regulation in stressed areas. The most important measure aimed at controlling the abusive increase in rental prices is the regulation of rents in stressed areas. The obligation is imposed on new tenants to maintain the price of the previous contract, and this cannot be increased by more than the corresponding annual price index.Let’s look at an example of a property that had a rent of 1,000 euros per month. When a new rent is proposed, the price of the new rent will be limited by the price of the previous contract (€1,000) plus the corresponding annual index (3% in 2024). Thus, when a new contract is agreed, it cannot exceed €1,030 per month.Where it is a large tenant, or in the case of properties that have not been rented as a principal residence in the last five years, it may not exceed the ceiling of the price applicable under the reference price index system.Exceptionally, in cases where the intervention of the competent administrations is necessary, the law recognises the possibility of an extraordinary annual extension of the contract once it ends for a maximum period of three years, provided that the tenant proves to be in a situation of social or economic vulnerability. Now the real estate agent’s fees are paid by the owner. Previously, it was not compulsory for the landlord to pay, however, with the current regulation, the expenses derived from the real estate management and the formalisation of the contract will be assumed by the landlord and not by the tenant. IBI tax surcharge for empty properties. Townhalls will be able to apply the IBI surcharge to properties that have been empty for more than 2 years, as long as the owner has at least 4 properties in this situation. Exceptionally, the IBI tax may reach up to 150% if the local councils deem it appropriate. Tax benefits for property owners In terms of taxation, the Housing Law presents a beneficial regulation of the IRPF for those owners who obtain rental income in stressed areas. The benefits will be higher or lower depending on different factors. 50% for new contracts in stressed areas. 60% on the net yield when refurbishment work has been carried out in the previous two years. 70% for those rented to young people between 18 and 35 years of age in stressed zones. 90% for new contracts in stressed areas with a reduction of at least 5% on the previous contract. These rental benefits are presented as compensation for the capping of rental prices. New measures to protect against evictions. The Housing Law shows a certain degree of tolerance towards evictions, providing re-housing solutions for those affected and delays in judicial evictions as notable measures.The scope of protection is extended in the case of situations of vulnerability, and the pre-judicial conciliation procedure is made compulsory when the owner is a large owner and the property is the occupant’s habitual residence. In addition, the tenant is recognised as being able to benefit from the various instruments of the housing policy programme. Prohibition to increase the price of the rent with extra expenses. It is prohibited to increase the price of the rent with new additional expenses such as rubbish charges, community fees, or others when these were not agreed in the contract.To find out more about this regulation you can contact our team of lawyers by email at info@legaliuris.eu or by contacting our offices.… Continue reading Housing Law in Spain

Schengen Visa in Spain: Short-stay permit for tourists. What is a Schengen Visa? A Schengen visa, also popularly known as a tourist visa, is a short-stay permit issued by the countries belonging to the Schengen Area that allows the interested to reside or visit these countries for a maximum of 90 days in periods of 180 days. These days can be continuous or spread out.It is known as a tourist visa, due to its use for holiday travel, meeting with family or friends, or for the processing of a long-term residence permit. Although in general, it is used for any process involving a short stay. For whom is a tourist visa required? The tourist visa is intended for citizens who do not belong to a country that is part of the Schengen area. For them, obtaining this authorisation is an essential requirement before travelling. This authorisation guarantees compliance with immigration regulations and allows entry and free movement through these countries. How to obtain a tourist visa for Spain In the case of those coming from the UK, simply entering Spain will be enough to obtain a permit, however for those coming from other countries, it will be necessary to apply for a tourist permit.If you only plan to visit Spain and do not intend to travel to other EU countries, you should apply for permission at the Spanish embassy or consulate in your home country.However, if your itinerary includes visiting other Schengen countries, then the visa application process changes. In this case, you should apply at the embassy or consulate of the country where you plan to spend most of your time during your trip. Is it possible to apply for an extension of the short-stay visa? In general, it is not possible to extend a tourist visa once it has been issued. The holder must return to his/her home country until the next possible period in order to comply with the regulations and avoid sanctions.However, in exceptional (and duly justified) circumstances, some authorities may consider requests for extension in unforeseen emergency situations, such as serious illness or unavoidable travel problems. In such cases, the tourist should contact the relevant consular authority as soon as possible. 90 days rule explained So that you do not have to ask for an extension or, in the most extreme cases, fail to comply with the established deadlines, we will explain with an example how the famous “90-day rule” works.Let’s say you arrive in Spain on 10 March. From that day on, the 90 days of your authorised period of stay starts to count.So, if we count 90 days from 10 March, we would arrive at 8 June. Until this day, you will be able to stay within the Schengen Area without any problems. However, after 8 June, you will have reached the limit and will have to go back and wait until enough days have passed within the 180-day period for your 90-day limit to be reset. What happens if the stay is not continuous? In this case, a tourist arrives in the Schengen Area on 10 March and stays until 20 March, using 11 of his 90 days allowed. He then leaves the Schengen Area and returns on 1 May, staying until 10 May, using another 10 days of his visa. In total, until 10 May, he has used 21 of his 90 days allowed. In this scenario, the tourist would still have 69 remaining days of his Schengen visa to use within the next 169 days.If you are still in doubt, you can use your inputs and outputs as an example in this calculator. What documents do I need to apply for a tourist visa for Spain? To apply for your tourist permit you will need the following documents:- Schengen visa application form.- Recent passport-size photograph- Valid passport- Travel medical insurance- Payment of the visa fee- Documents proving the purpose of the trip and the conditions of the stay and establishing the applicant’s intention to leave the Schengen area before the expiry of the visa.- Proof of financial means- Proof of residence in the consular district When do you have to apply for the tourist visa? You may not apply more than 180 days before your planned departure date. As a general rule, it is recommended that you submit your application at least 3 weeks in advance as this is the estimated issuance time you may be given. What are the penalties for overstaying? As with any residence permit, non-compliance with the conditions of the permit will lead to sanctions. You probably already know this, but it is mandatory that you control your stay if you do not want to face:- Prohibition of entry into Schengen area- Financial penalties- Criminal prosecution in extreme cases.If you still have any questions, you can contact our immigration lawyers who will be happy to help you. Visado Schengen en España: Permiso de corta estancia. Visado Schengen en España: Permiso de corta estancia. Legal Iuris • 15 marzo, 2024 • Uncategorized • No hay comentarios Visado Schengen en España: Permiso de corta estancia El Visado Schengen es uno de los visados más sencillos de solicitar y rápidos … Schengen Visa in Spain: Short term residence Schengen Visa in Spain: Short term residence Legal Iuris • 15 marzo, 2024 • Sin categoría • No hay comentarios Schengen Visa in Spain: Short-stay permit for tourists. What is a Schengen Visa? A Schengen visa, also popularly known as a tourist …